Using Conversion Factors
Converting units is like riding a bicycle: once you know how it’s easy. One method is to multiply the given unit by a conversion factor that cancels the unwanted unit and replaces it with the desired unit.
For example, to convert 2 hours to minutes you intuitively multiply by 60. But why does that work?

You see that h is in both the numerator and the denominator, so the h cancels, leaving you with minutes. (Related term: dimensional analysis.)
A common problem is how to convert grams to kilograms. For example, how many kg is 250 g?
250 g x (1 kg)/(1000 g) = 0.25 kg
Converting km/h to m/s
If you have two units at a time, you use two conversion factors. For example, to convert 50 km/h to m/s you convert km to m and 1/ h to 1/ s:

Converting three units at a time, requires you use three conversion factors. For example, to convert 50 mi/h to m/s you convert mi to km, km to m and 1/ h to 1/ s:

Metric Conversions
Another method works well for converting between metric units. For example, the axon of a neuron has a diameter of 0.20 microns. Express this diameter in terms of nanometers.
(1 micron = 1 micrometer).

(Related search term: metric multipliers, SI multipliers, metric prefix.)
Problems
1.
a. The Washington National Monument is 555 ft high. Express this height in meters.
b. A basketball player is 7 ft tall. What is his height in meters?
2. The axon of a neuron has a diameter of 0.20 microns. Express this diameter in terms of a centimeter. (1 micron = 1 micrometer).
3. Change the following to the SI unit and in standard form:
a. 2.31 MJ
b. 1.5 gcm-3
4. 45,000,000 liters of crude oil are dropped into a body of water. 50% of this oil forms a slick with a thickness of 5.57*10^-7 cm. What area would the slick cover in square miles and in square kilometers?
5. An average active person consumes about 2500 Cal a day. a)What is this in joules? b)What is this in kilowatt-hours? c) Your power company charges about a dime per kilowatt-hour. How much would your energy cost per day if you bought from the power company?
6. Convert 10 km/hr/s to m/s2.
Answers
For solutions to all the problems on this page click here.
6.
(10 km/h/s)*(1000 m / km)*(3600 s / h) = 2.78 m/s/s = 2.78 m/s2
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